北京時(shí)間周四(2月1日)凌晨03:00，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)宣布維持利率在1.25%-1.5%不變，一如市場(chǎng)預(yù)期。這是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)2018年的第一次利率決議，也是美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席耶倫主持召開(kāi)的最后一次FOMC會(huì)議。
同去年12月的議息會(huì)議相比，本次會(huì)議聲明有哪些變化？以下是兩者的中英文對(duì)比：
聯(lián)邦公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)委員會(huì)(FOMC)自12月（刪除：11月）會(huì)議以來(lái)獲得的信息顯示，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)繼續(xù)增強(qiáng)，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)一直在以穩(wěn)健的步幅增長(zhǎng)。（增加：就業(yè)、家庭支出和企業(yè)固定投資穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng)，失業(yè)率維持在低位）（刪除：失業(yè)率進(jìn)一步下滑，企業(yè)固定投資在近幾季已經(jīng)增加。）今年整體通脹和不計(jì)入食品和能源價(jià)格的通脹指標(biāo)較上年同期下降，（刪除：一直在2%以下）（增加：繼續(xù)低于2%）�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō)，基于市場(chǎng)的通脹補(bǔ)償指標(biāo)（增加：有所上漲但）仍偏低，基于調(diào)查的較長(zhǎng)期通脹預(yù)期指標(biāo)變動(dòng)不大。
委員會(huì)將依照法定的目標(biāo)，尋求促進(jìn)就業(yè)最大化和物價(jià)穩(wěn)定。委員會(huì)仍預(yù)計(jì)，隨著貨幣政策立場(chǎng)的（增加：進(jìn)一步）逐步調(diào)整，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)將適度擴(kuò)張，就業(yè)市場(chǎng)狀況（增加：已經(jīng)有所加強(qiáng)）（刪除：將在一定程度上進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)）。預(yù)計(jì)年通脹率將在（增加：在今年上升）（刪除：短期內(nèi)保持在低于2%的水準(zhǔn)），但中期在委員會(huì)2%的目標(biāo)附近穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的短期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)看來(lái)大致均衡，但委員會(huì)正密切關(guān)注通脹發(fā)展。
鑒于已實(shí)現(xiàn)的和預(yù)期的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)狀況和通脹情況，委員會(huì)決定將聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間（增加：維持在1.25%-1.5%）（刪除：提高到1.25%-1.5%）。貨幣政策立場(chǎng)保持寬松，因此會(huì)支持強(qiáng)勁的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)狀況，并帶動(dòng)通脹持續(xù)向2%回升。
在決定未來(lái)調(diào)整聯(lián)邦基金利率目標(biāo)區(qū)間的時(shí)機(jī)和規(guī)模時(shí)，委員會(huì)將評(píng)估與就業(yè)最大化以及2%通脹目標(biāo)相關(guān)的已實(shí)現(xiàn)和預(yù)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)狀況。評(píng)估將考量廣泛的信息，包括就業(yè)市場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)、通脹壓力和通脹預(yù)期指標(biāo)，以及反應(yīng)金融市場(chǎng)和國(guó)際情勢(shì)發(fā)展的指標(biāo)。委員會(huì)將密切監(jiān)控向?qū)ΨQ(chēng)的通脹目標(biāo)取得的實(shí)際和預(yù)期的通脹發(fā)展。委員會(huì)預(yù)計(jì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)未來(lái)的發(fā)展將為（增加：進(jìn)一步）循序漸進(jìn)地上調(diào)聯(lián)邦基金利率提供理?yè)?jù)；聯(lián)邦基金利率可能在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)維持在預(yù)計(jì)在較長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)保持的水準(zhǔn)之下。不過(guò)，聯(lián)邦基金利率實(shí)際路徑將取決于未來(lái)數(shù)據(jù)展現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景。
FOMC貨幣政策會(huì)議中投票贊成者包括：FOMC委員會(huì)主席（美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）耶倫（Janet L. Yellen, Chairman）；委員會(huì)副主席（紐約聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）杜德利（ William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman）；（增加：（里士滿(mǎn)聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Thomas I. Barkin;（亞特蘭大聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Raphael W. Bostic;）（美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)理事）Lael Brainard；（刪除：（費(fèi)城聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Patrick Harker；（達(dá)拉斯聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Robert S. Kaplan）、（克利夫蘭聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Loretta J Mester;（美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)理事）Jerome H. Powell;（美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)副主席）Randal K. Quarles和John C. Williams。）
（刪除：投反對(duì)票的包括：（芝加哥聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Charles L. Evans；（明尼阿波利斯聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席）Neel Kashkari，他們?cè)跁?huì)議上傾向于維持聯(lián)邦基金利率不變。）
以下為英文全文：
Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in December indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and that economic activity has been rising at a solid rate. Gains in employment, household spending, and business fixed investment have been solid, and the unemployment rate has stayed low. On a 12-month basis, both overall inflation and inflation for items other than food and energy have continued to run below 2 percent. Market-based measures of inflation compensation have increased in recent months but remain low; survey-based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance.
Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with further gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will remain strong. Inflation on a 12 month basis is expected to move up this year and to stabilize around the Committee's 2 percent objective over the medium term. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced, but the Committee is monitoring inflation developments closely.
In view of realized and expected labor market conditions and inflation, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 1-1/4 to 1 1/2 percent. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting strong labor market conditions and a sustained return to 2 percent inflation.
In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. The Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected inflation developments relative to its symmetric inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant further gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.
Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Thomas I. Barkin; Raphael W. Bostic; Lael Brainard; Loretta J. Mester; Jerome H. Powell; Randal K. Quarles; and John C. Williams.
